📘 Complete List of Excel Functions with Examples

Microsoft Excel is one of the most powerful tools for data analysis, reporting, and business management. At the core of Excel’s functionality are functions, which are pre-built formulas designed to simplify calculations and automate tasks. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced user, knowing Excel functions is essential for improving productivity and making accurate data-driven decisions.

In this article, we’ll cover a complete list of Excel functions with practical examples that you can start using today. We’ll also categorize these functions for easier understanding, so you know when and how to apply them.

🔹 What Are Excel Functions?

An Excel function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values (called arguments) in a particular order. For example, the SUM function quickly adds numbers together without requiring you to manually type the formula.

  • Save time in calculations
  • Reduce human errors
  • Automate repetitive tasks
  • Analyze data effectively

🔹 Categories of Excel Functions

1. Math and Trigonometry Functions

  • SUM: Adds numbers.
    Example: =SUM(A1:A5)
  • ROUND: Rounds a number.
    Example: =ROUND(12.345, 2) → 12.35
  • POWER: Raises a number to a power.
    Example: =POWER(5,2) → 25

2. Statistical Functions

  • AVERAGE: Finds the mean value.
    Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B10)
  • COUNT: Counts numeric entries.
    Example: =COUNT(A1:A20)
  • MAX / MIN: Returns highest or lowest value.
    Example: =MAX(C1:C10)

3. Text Functions

  • CONCAT: Joins text together.
    Example: =CONCAT("Hello"," ","World")
  • LEFT / RIGHT: Extracts characters.
    Example: =LEFT("Excel",2) → Ex
  • LEN: Counts number of characters.
    Example: =LEN("Excel Functions") → 15

4. Logical Functions

  • IF: Returns value based on condition.
    Example: =IF(A1>50,"Pass","Fail")
  • AND / OR: Tests multiple conditions.
    Example: =AND(A1>0,B1<10)
  • NOT: Reverses a logical result.
    Example: =NOT(A1=10)

5. Lookup and Reference Functions

  • VLOOKUP: Finds data in a table.
    Example: =VLOOKUP(101,A2:D20,2,FALSE)
  • HLOOKUP: Horizontal lookup function.
  • INDEX + MATCH: More flexible than VLOOKUP.
    Example: =INDEX(C2:C10,MATCH(105,A2:A10,0))

6. Date and Time Functions

  • TODAY: Returns today’s date.
    Example: =TODAY()
  • NOW: Current date and time.
  • DATEDIF: Difference between dates.
    Example: =DATEDIF(A1,A2,"d")

7. Financial Functions

  • PMT: Loan payment calculation.
    Example: =PMT(5%/12,60,-20000)
  • FV: Future value of investment.
  • NPV: Net Present Value.

8. Information Functions

  • ISNUMBER: Checks if cell contains number.
  • ISERROR: Checks if a formula has an error.
  • TYPE: Returns type of value.

9. Engineering Functions

  • CONVERT: Converts one unit to another.
    Example: =CONVERT(10,"km","m") → 10000

10. Database Functions

  • DSUM: Adds values in a database.
  • DCOUNT: Counts entries in a database.

🔹 Practical Example: Combining Functions

=IF(AND(A1>50,B1="Yes"),"Approved","Rejected")

This formula checks if A1 > 50 and B1 = "Yes". If both are true, it returns Approved, otherwise Rejected.

🔹 Tips for Using Excel Functions Effectively

  • Always start functions with = sign.
  • Use cell references instead of typing numbers.
  • Combine functions for advanced formulas.
  • Learn shortcuts like Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
  • Use Excel’s Insert Function (fx) tool to explore more functions.

🔹 Conclusion

Excel functions are the backbone of spreadsheet productivity. From simple calculations like SUM and AVERAGE to powerful lookups with VLOOKUP or INDEX MATCH, they save time and reduce errors. Mastering these functions step by step will make you more efficient in data analysis and business reporting.

❓ FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

  • Q1: What is the most used function in Excel?
    👉 The SUM function.
  • Q2: Difference between formula and function?
    👉 Formula is any calculation, function is a predefined formula.
  • Q3: Can I combine multiple functions?
    👉 Yes, you can nest IF, AND, VLOOKUP, etc.
  • Q4: How many functions are available in Excel?
    👉 Over 400+ functions.
  • Q5: Which functions are best for data analysis?
    👉 VLOOKUP, INDEX MATCH, SUMIFS, COUNTIFS, AVERAGEIFS.

🏷️ Tags

Excel Functions, Excel Examples, Excel Tutorials, Excel Formulas, Excel for Beginners, Microsoft Excel

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